A recent study has linked semaglutide, the active ingredient in popular weight-loss and diabetes medications Ozempic and Wegovy, to a condition that can cause vision loss. However, the full picture is more complex.
Semaglutide and Vision Loss
A study published in JAMA Ophthalmology suggests that individuals taking semaglutide may have an increased risk of developing nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). NAION occurs when the optic nerve doesn’t receive sufficient blood flow, potentially leading to vision loss and blindness. Compared to those taking other medications for Type 2 diabetes or weight loss, semaglutide users were found to be more prone to this condition.
Understanding NAION
NAION is essentially an eye stroke that affects the optic nerve, which transmits visual information to the brain. Symptoms include vision loss, blurred vision, color distortion, and sensitivity to light. The exact cause of NAION isn’t fully understood, but it’s more common among middle-aged or older adults, especially those with high blood pressure, diabetes, or obstructive sleep apnea.
Observational Study and Cautions
It’s important to note that the study was observational, meaning further research is needed to confirm the findings. Dr. Joseph Rizzo, lead author of the study and director of the Neuro-Ophthalmology Service at Mass General Brigham’s Mass Eye and Ear, emphasized the significance yet tentative nature of the results. He suggested that this information should be considered in discussions between patients and doctors, especially for those with existing optic nerve issues like glaucoma.
Manufacturer’s Response
Novo Nordisk, the maker of Ozempic and Wegovy, has not yet commented on the study.
Broader Context: Weight-Loss Drugs and Eye Health
The study did not investigate tirzepatide (marketed as Mounjaro or Zepbound), a similar medication that also emerged during the popularity of Ozempic and Wegovy. The relationship between weight-loss drugs and eye health is complex. While managing diabetes can potentially reduce the risk of diabetic retinopathy—a major cause of blindness—there are concerns about semaglutide’s effects on eye health. Previous studies have linked semaglutide to blurred vision and complications in diabetic retinopathy, especially during initial treatment phases when blood sugar levels stabilize.
Final Thoughts
While there are potential risks, the benefits of weight-loss drugs like semaglutide in managing diabetes and reducing the risk of other health conditions may outweigh the negatives. For those at higher risk of eye diseases due to factors like BMI, the overall impact of such medications on eye health remains to be fully understood.
What Should You Do?
If you are taking or considering semaglutide or similar medications, it’s crucial to discuss these findings with your healthcare provider, particularly if you have preexisting eye conditions. Regular eye check-ups and monitoring are essential to ensure any potential issues are detected and managed early.
For further reading on how to protect your eyes, check out: 10 Easy Ways to Protect Your Eyes on a Daily Basis.